Grasstrees

Grasstrees

The Grasstree (Xanthorrhoea preissii) is very much part of the West Australian landscape and uniquely Australian. They fascinated the first European settlers, since they were unlike any other known plant. In fact, they are a living fossil developed early in the evolutionary stakes for flowering plants . Although the grass tree has been of immense value to the aborigines and colonists, its future lies in the hands of the landowners and nature reserve managers, who are blessed with the woodland remnants which support the remaining populations. It is a true icon of the Aussie bush and as such, provides a unique identity to our Australian landscape.

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1 Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii)are native to Western Australia where they are mainly found on the sandy coastal plain.	2 Mature Grasstree These remarkable plants have a lifespan of 600 years but are very slow-growing. The trunk takes a decade to form initially as it is composed of a mass of old leaf bases held together by a natural resin. It is then a further 20 years or more before the mass of thin, linear leaves rises above it. From then on, it grows only about 1-2cm (0.4-0.8in) in height per year.	3 Xanthorrhoea preissii From then on, it grows only about 1-2cm (0.4-0.8in) in height per year. Plants have been observed which have taken 27 years to grow 30 centimetres (one foot).
4 Grasstrees with Flower Spikes The Grasstree can grow to a height of over 4 metres and often has branches. It’s growth rate is only about 1 metre every 100 years.	5 Base of Flower Spike The Flower Spike emerges from the crown of dense leaves.	6 Creamy White Flowers opening on Flower Spike
7 Flower Spike of Creamy White Flowers	8 Long Flower Spike The Flower Spike grows quickly at a rate of 2 – 3 cm per day reaching to a height of over 3 metres. Mature plants will result in flowering every 2 – 3 years.	9 Close-up of Flower Spike Flowers are densely packed on the long Flower Spike.
10 Grasstree Flowers The flowering spear of the plant attracts honey eating birds, bees, ants, and butterflies. Flowers are usually seen from June to December.	11 Grasstree seed capsules and Seeds After the flowers, come the seeds! Cultivation presents great challenges, with the seed taking up to a year to germinate and the young grow at a rate of only a centimetre or so a year.	12 Young Grasstrees These will take many years to reach maturity.
13 Young Grass Tree	14 Grasstrees of varying ages	15 Grasstree Twins
16 Grasstrees in a Reserve	17 Grasstrees at Cooloongup	18 Grasstree in Suburbia
19 Grasstrees and Native Vegetation Cooloongup.	20 Grasstree with many heads Beautiful old examples are often survivors of bushfires and develop into architectural masterpieces. Bushfires can cause their blackened trunk (1 to 2 metres) to branch into two or even more heads. These consist of thick, rough corky bark, surrounded by a whorl of long, wiry leaves with unique flowers.	21 Healthy Grasstrees Cooloongup.
22 Gnarled branch of a Grasstree	23 Broken Trunk reveals inner core	24 Cross section of Grasstree Trunk
25 A fallen Grasstree This one would be hundreds of years old.	26 Fungi growing nearby	27 Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) The Aboriginal name for the Grasstree is 'Balga'.
28 Flower Spikes usually straight, but sometimes deformed Grasstrees often flower as a direct response to a very recent bushfire. This ability to be one of the first flowers to appear after a bushfire ensures a food source for many insects and birds, in an otherwise alien, blackened moonscape environment.	29 Aboriginal Tools from Grasstrees The light straight flower stalk served as a butt-piece for spears. A tip section of tea tree would then be attached to the end of the spear and hardened in the fire before being used for hunting.	30 Flower Spikes Aboriginals used pieces of very dry flower spike for making fire with a drilling stick.
31 Resin from Grasstrees The leaves produce a hard waterproof resin, which could be collected from the base of the trunk. This resin melts when warmed, but sets hard when cold.	32 Resin from Grasstrees The Resin had a number of uses for Aboriginals including; Forming glue by mixing it with charcoal, beeswax or fine sand and dust. Gluing the cement stone heads to wooden handles and spears to shafts and tips. Waterproofing bark canoes and water carrying vessels.	33 Resin from Grasstrees The versatility of this resin in the every day lives of the aborigines, made it a valuable trading item and was traded amongst tribes for other important collectables.
34 Mature Grasstree with many heads Grasstrees were a 'staple' plant for the aborigines, providing food, drink, fibre and materials for making implements and weapons.	35 Aboriginal Food Sources As a food source, the white, tender sections of leaf bases, the growing points of stem and succulent roots were all eaten regularly. The removal of the growing point was rare as it destroyed the plant altogether. The seeds were collected and ground into a flour to provide dough for cooking a type of damper, within the ashes of a wattle wood fire.	36 Aboriginal Food Sources They frequently dug out edible grubs found at the base of the trunk. The grub's presence could be detected by the observing the dead leaves in the centre of the grass tree crown.
37 Aboriginal Food Sources Small sweet pockets of honey could also be extracted from the carpenter bee's cellular nests, which were often bored in the soft pith of the flower stalk.	38 Aboriginal Food Sources To wash this down, the nectar from the flower could be extracted by soaking it in water filled bark troughs, to produce a thick sweet drink.	39 Aboriginal Food Sources A citric flavoured alcoholic brew could be made from fermenting the nectar over 3 to 5 days. An extra tang was added to the brew by crushing a few 'formic' ants into the beverage.
40 Grasstrees in the Park Grass Trees make excellent native plants in commercial and domestic environments. Once re-established, they make outstanding features.	41 Architectural Shape of Mature Grasstree	42 Grasstrees in the Park
43 Grasstrees in Parkland	44 Young and Old Grasstrees	45 What is the future of the Grasstree? The future of the Grasstree lies in the hands of the landowners and nature reserve managers, who are blessed with the woodland remnants which support the remaining populations.
46 Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) In natural bushland at Yellagonga Regional Park.	47 Majestic Old Grasstree Xanthorrhoea preissi	48 Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) Yellagonga Regional Park.
49 Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) Grasstrees are very slow growing, with some elderly specimens being amongst the oldest living plants on a worldwide scale, surviving for many hundreds of years.	50 Preparing Grasstrees for Removal and Transplantation These Grasstrees are being removed to make way for a new road. The Developers call this "Progress".	51 Preparation for Removal Transplanting from the bush is not recommended, unless imminent development will destroy the plant.
52 Grasstree Removal Transplanting requires diligence and heavy equipment to extract the very deep underground stems and roots, whilst keeping the residual soil attached.	53 Preparing to lift Grasstree Flooding the root zone helps maintain an intact root system and digging the new sites hole prior to the arrival, followed by deep watering of the plant's roots zone, aids the chances of survival.	54 Lifting the Grasstree from its natural habitat
55 Transporting Grasstree to waiting vehicle	56 Loading Grasstree into Trailer This one has been sold and is on its way to a new home.	57 Grasstrees prepared for Sale Grasstrees make excellent native plants in commercial and domestic environments.
58 Waiting for a new home Once re-established, they make outstanding features. A little care and planning in the beginning will result in plants that require minimal maintenance or water.	59 Grasstrees for Sale By adding plants to commercial and residential land not only ensures the plants will live on for generations to come, they also make splendid features that require very little water and maintenance. Local councils have discovered how versatile these plants are by planting them in nature strips.	60 Waiting for a Buyer Landscapers use Grasstrees to produce long-life garden features that will never become outdated.
61 The Bulldozer moves in	62 Too late to save those that were not Sold	63 The land is cleared for a new Road The Developers call it "Progress".
64 The new Road under construction Once the home of many iconic Australian Grasstrees.	65 Grasstree Sillhouette at Sunset	66 Grasstrees at Sunset The Grasstree is a true icon of the Australian bush and as such, provides a unique identity to our Australian landscape.